Counterintuitive Facts' title='Counterintuitive Facts' />We review the burgeoning literature on the employment effects of minimum wages in the United States and other countries that was spurred by the new minimum wage. Habitat of Giant Panda The giant panda requires bamboo, and bamboo requires a cool, moist climate, therefore the panda, by extension, requires a cool, moist climate. Heres a list of 10 of the most interesting facts surrounding blood and blood donations. Important Facts About Incremental Volume. Trade promotion evaluation is a big selling point for Nielsen and IRI data. Calm, careful, potentially revolutionary, Food Evolution is an iconoclastic documentary on a hotbutton topic. Persuasive rather than polemical, its the unusual. Browser Based City Builder Games. It sounds counterintuitive, but by 2030, many of the worlds largest economies will have more jobs than adult citizens to do those jobs. In this data. The Hard Problem of Consciousness. The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining why any physical state is conscious rather than nonconscious. Ben Yep, I try to do a nice mix. Some people, like myself for instance and many other people Ive gotten feedback from, love the long articles with. In honor of Thanksgiving, here are five facts about the big bird at the center of the table. Turkeys are getting bigger. As recently as 1980, the typical U. S. Both vendors provide a key piece of the promotion evaluation puzzle estimates of Incremental Volume. Incremental Volume tells you how much extra volume you sold due to trade merchandising. Here are a few things you should know about this important but sometimes confusing measure. The first two are useful for anyone involved with CPG data. The third one delves into detail that only an analyst would love. Incremental volume captures the impact of only a few specific activities. Incremental volume doesnt take into account all in store promotional activities. It considers only shelf price reductions, secondary displays and retailer feature adscoupons. And Nielsen and IRI define these activities narrowly. Everything else you do is captured in the Base Volume measure. This includes manufacturer sponsored coupons e. FSIs, Catalina, and instantly redeemable coupons, in store TV or radio, sampling or demonstration, your everyday price, distribution, consumer advertising TV, print, radio, digital, online activities, physical changes to products or packaging and anything your competitors are doing. Incremental volume can be small even if you do a lot of trade promotion. You might sell 5. But that doesnt guarantee incremental volume in NielsenIRI. First, retailers may not pass the promotion along to their shoppers. Bandicam Crack Zip Files'>Bandicam Crack Zip Files. You can take a look at of sales on promotion or another promotion presence measure to gauge the level of promotion provided to consumers. Second, even when you do receive trade merchandising at the shelf, consumers may not significantly change their buying habits, leading to subsidized volume. Incremental volume can be negative. Incremental volume can also be greater than promoted volume. And you can have incremental volume in weeks with no promotion. Weird, right  Counterintuitive results occasionally occur because of the way the measure is calculated. This usually only happens in periods with very little trade promotion, so focus your analysis on specific promotion periods andor examine longer time frames. If you are still seeing odd results such as negative incremental volume or merchandising efficiency greater than 1. NielsenIRI incremental volume methodology is not sensitive enough to give you accurate results. Want to know more about how incremental volume is calculated and why that can lead to negative values or other anomalies Stay tuned. In a few weeks Ill be posting more on this topic, with an article focused on the nitty gritty details. In the meantime, CPG data class is dismissed. Did you find this article useful Subscribe to CPG Data Tip Sheet to get future posts delivered to your email in box. We publish articles twice a month. We will not share your email address with anyone. Effects Over Caffeinated One look at a line at the local Starbucks in the morning and you dont need to be convinced of the huge amount of coffee consumption in the U. S. The National coffee Association found in 2. U. S. adult population drinks coffee daily. Guess theres nothing like the first double espresso in the morning to clear the cobwebs from our heads so we can face the day. But what are the effects relating to fitness If that grande no foam double whipped extra shot no fat latte gives us the get up and go to start our day at work, will it do the same if were headed to the gym The Physiological Effects of Caffeine. The main ingredient in coffee that gives us that jolt is caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant. It is estimated that in the U. S., 7. 5 of caffeine intake comes from coffee. The resulting neural stimulation due to this blockage causes the adrenal glands to release adrenaline, the fight or flight hormone. Your heart rate increases, your pupils dilate, your muscles tighten up, and glucose is released into your blood stream for extra energy. Voila you now have the caffeine buzz. But waitwere not done yet. Dopamine activates the pleasure in parts of the brain. It has been suspected that this also contributes to caffeine addiction. Physiologically, caffeine makes us you feel alert, pumps adrenaline to give you energy and changes dopamine production to make you feel good. Another espresso, anyone The Physical Effects of Caffeine on Athletic Performance. In addition to various psychological and physiological benefits, numerous studies have documented caffeines ergogenic ergogenic increasing the capacity for bodily labor by eliminating fatigue symptoms effect on athletic performance, particularly in regard to endurance. Studies show that caffeine ingestion prior to exercising extended endurance in moderately strenuous aerobic activity. Other studies researching caffeine consumption on elite distance runners and distance swimmers show increased performance times following caffeine consumption. Despite effects on endurance, caffeine produced no effect on maximal muscular force in a study measuring voluntary and electrically stimulated muscle actions. However, the same study did show findings that suggest caffeine has an ergogenic effect on muscle during repetitive, low frequency stimulation. Caffeines positive performance enhancing effects have been well documented. So much so that the International Olympic Committee placed a ban leading to disqualification for an athlete with urinary limits exceeding 1. L. Roughly 6. 00 to 8. The National Collegiate Athletic Association has a similar limit, set at 1. L. Coffee A Pre Workout DrinkBefore you make Starbucks part of your pre workout warm up in order to harness the effects of caffeine, be aware that simply downing a grande may not give you similar benefits found in these studies. A recent Canadian study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology compared the effect of coffee and caffeine on run time to exhaustion. A group of nine men took part in five trials. Sixty minutes before each run, the men took one of the following A placebo Caffeine capsules De caffeinated coffee with caffeine added Regular coffee Performance times were up to 1. Since the level of caffeine absorption was similar during the caffeine trials, researchers concluded something in the coffee itself that interferes with caffeines performance enhancing effects. This makes sense considering that there are literally hundreds of compounds dissolved when coffee beans are roasted, ground and extracted. Results of this research suggest that if benefits of caffeine on endurance times are desired, caffeine capsules work better than coffee. Caffeine and Creatine Supplementation. Although caffeine has been shown to increase endurance time, further research shows it may actually blunt the effect of creatine, a popular and well researched compound known for its consistent ergogenic effects. In a study evaluating the effect of pre exercise caffeine ingestion on both creatine stores and high intensity exercise performance, caffeine totally counteracted any effects of creatine supplementation. It was suggested that individuals who creatine load should refrain from caffeine containing foods and beverages if positive effects are desired. The Downside of Caffeine. Despite coffeecaffeines positive effects on psychological states and performance, there are numerous documented risks that must considered when consuming caffeine, whether for performance enhancing effects or simply as a part of daily dietary consumption. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and can produce restlessness, headaches, and irritability. Over the long term as your body gets used to caffeine, it requires higher amounts to get the same effects. Certainly, having your body in a state of hormonal emergency all day long isnt very healthy. Caffeine is also a diuretic and causes a loss of fluid, which then leads to a dehydrating effect. This is obviously not conducive to fitness activities such as resistance training, as fluid is needed for the transfer of nutrients to facilitate muscular growth. It is also important when considering the further loss of fluid while exercising in hot environments. Perhaps the most important long term problem is the effect of caffeine on sleep. The half life of caffeine in the body is about 6 hours. If you drink a big cup of coffee with 2. PM, at 1. 0PM you still have about 1. By 4. AM, you still have 5. Even though you may be able to sleep, you may not be able to obtain the restful benefits of deep sleep. Whats worse, the cycle continues as you may use more and more caffeine in hopes of counteracting this deficit. Caffeinated Conclusions. Though caffeine has some benefits in relation to exercise performance, risks have been documented. Most problems seem evident with very high consumption. The American Heart Association says that moderate coffee drinking one or two cups per day does not seem to be harmful for most people. As with everything else, moderation is the key to healthy caffeine consumption. Further research is needed to clearly determine whether the performance enhancing benefits of caffeine outweigh the potential risks.